• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    In order to form an improved junction which is less liable to tear under shock loads, a diamond pattern of holes (or depressions) is formed in plastics material sheet. The holes are then in two sets of parallel lines each making an angle to the subsequent stretching direction and the holes are also in parallel rows at right angles to the stretching direction. The sheet is stretched so that the zones between adjacent holes in each line form orientated strands and the zones between adjacent holes in each row form junctions which have their lateral zones orientated but have a central zone which is unorientated or less orientated, i.e. which is thicker. The central zone can extend into two opposite crotches or be completely surrounded by highly orientated lateral zones.
    公开号:SU871726A3
    申请号:SU792836777
    申请日:1979-10-08
    公开日:1981-10-07
    发明作者:Брайан Мерсер Фрэнк
    申请人:П.Л.Г.Рисерч Лимитед (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    (54) METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NETWORK SCHEME OF PLASTIC CONSTRUCTIONS WITH RSHBOVNZHZHI CELLS The invention relates to the field of processing plastics into a product and can be used in chemical polymer penetrability for preparing plastic nets by extrusion, in agriculture / gardening. A known method of making mesh plastic structures with quadrangular or rectangular cells, which consists in extruding the starting tubular material with predetermined forii cells, having strands interconnected by nodes, cutting the raw material along a helix and winding a flat web IJ. However, this method does not provide for the orientation of the material obtained by extrusion, as a result of which the grid structures are not sufficiently durable. The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the invention is a method of manufacturing mesh plastic structures with diamond-shaped cells, which consists in obtaining a single-plane source material containing a system of holes arranged in rows in a checkerboard pattern, and stretching the original material until the cells are bounded oriented in the direction of stretching by strands interconnected by nodes, which are formed by sections of the material located between pairs adjacent in stretch holes, and have an average unoriented or partially oriented zone and lateral oriented zones 2. However, the mesh structures produced by this method do not have the necessary strength characteristics, which is due to the lack of precise and direct orientation, including in the cell nodes, as well as the source of the exposed material and the location of the holes in it. The purpose of the invention is to improve the strength characteristics of the mesh structures. This is achieved by the method of making mesh plastic structures with diamond-shaped chokes, consisting in obtaining a single-plane source material containing a system of holes arranged in rows in a checkerboard pattern and drawing the source material until the cells are aligned with oriented strands in the direction of stretch interconnected nodes that are formed by sections of the material located between pairs of holes adjacent in the direction of stretching, and;.; eHO |: mean neorientiro The bathroom or cic-iu but o-oriented zone and side-oriented zones, the distance ivia between the walls of two adjacent holes in the same row, perpendicular to the direction of drawing, is at least 1.5 times greater than the distance between the wall of one from the holes and the wall located with it on one straight line in the direction of drawing through a row of holes, and drawing is carried out to obtain continuous lines drawn in the direction of drawing formed by oriented strands of g and side zones of the nodes.
    In addition, an additional source material is drawn in the direction perpendicular to the main direction.
    The holes in the source material are elliptical,
    The source material has a curved edge.
    FIG. 1 shows the source material; in fig. 2 - ready mesh construction; Figures 3 through 5 show the assembly of the finished mesh structure at three different stages of stretching; in fig. 6 various forms of holes or recesses in the source material; FIG. 8 shows the method of punching the starting material in FIG. 8 — the structure is designed specifically for the specific purpose of FIG. 9 through 11 — various forms of the original source material; Fig. 12 is an installation for making a mesh structure.
    The starting material is given in the form of a plastic sheet 1, having flat parallel surfaces and containing a system of holes 2 or recesses, the centers of which are on a rhombic grid of two groups of parallel lines located at a significant angle.
    The holes 2 or recesses are arranged in a staggered order of pvshvsh., And although the holes or recesses of the adjacent rows of theirs preferably overlap each other, this is not significant.
    When drawn in the vertical direction (as viewed in Fig. 1), zones designated X are drawn first and form strands 3 oriented in the direction of the stretch 3 (Fig. 2) connected by nodes 4 formed from the zones indicated by
    bathrooms by an imaginary rectangle V, 2. Strands 3 are stretched to such an extent that the orientation extends along each side of node 4, forming lateral oriented zones 5 (FIG. 3 running parallel to the direction of stretching and passing along both sides of Kar t of single middle zones 6 or masses unoriented plastic -;: -.. Thus, the perineum inter- - -ts V} G: Shimi adjacent strenja.-Ti 3 PS:.,; - 4 b / give a guideline J./;.and.and-a1 J Aggl ::. с; DEPENDENCE OF VDOL1: every: :: -; -, -: ZHYA; -: ..., l; /;. s; -: y - PECHENIYA.:.: (:: :;, - Кv -;.; - j; -: i:. 5.: KI 3 dollars;: PMW / i AED:, -..--; L: - :.
    ness
    Imaginary xr mg.: ...; „, should stretch out: and-: y::.:. : l; .. odnzz remenno with zones X and KGHI-. grand 4; i.iG is not received, sales; srni- :: obrazhae ..- rectangle Y / you -, - is indicated after X. The size of the Y A-label is much larger than size 7, and the ratio Y: Z must be at least 1.5 : 1, but it is better if it is as large as practically possible.
    FIG. 3 shows the first type of the obtained unit 4, having a hexagonal thickened single with a seed zone 6 (drop), which is from the upper crotch to the lower one and serves as an obstacle to tearing out the specified crotches when using the structure when tensioning it in the direction; perpendicular to the direction of the draw, at the time of manufacture. There are continuous lines of oriented plastic material that have passed along the structure in the direction of stretching, with each line sequentially including strand 3 of one cell 7, side zone 5 of node 4, strand 3 of the next cell, etc.
    FIG. 4 shows node 4 after further stretching in the first direction, as a result of which the middle zone 6 has become somewhat narrower, and the side zones 5 — somewhat wider. The central middle zone 6 may contain some non-oriented plastic material or at least a plastic material that is less oriented than the material of the side zones 5.
    The stretching in the first direction must be completed before the center of the middle zone 6 is stretched, but if the stretching continues, then the middle zone 6 can be completely stretched and oriented.
    In order to increase the structural strength in the direction perpendicular to the first main stretching direction, the structure can be stretched further in the second direction, as a result of which the upper and lower ends of the middle zone b shown in FIG. 3 or 4, and the node 4 shown in FIG. 5, FIG. Figure 5 shows the middle zone 6, which has a square shape with the corners of the square directed toward the crotch between adjacent strands 3, but it may have a more rounded shape. There are side zones 5 completely surrounding the middle zone 6, each crotch having an oriented plastic material conducting along the crotch. There are also continuous lines of oriented plastic material passing through the structure in the direction perpendicular / 1-l to the first direction of stretching. Such a design can be used. For example, for fishing nets
    In the node E-., Any of the figures 3-5 of the middle zones ;, b may have the same tolau-shu as the source material, and will be at least twice as thick as the lateral zones.
    Example. On a sheet of 3 mm of polypropylene, round holes with a diameter of 3.18 mm with a step of 9.78 mm in the transverse direction and 5.54 mm in the longitudinal direction were punched. The centers of the holes are located on two groups of imaginary parallel lines, each of which passed under 30 to the transverse direction. The distances X, Y, and Z are 2.54 mm, 6.60. Mm, and 2.36 Mivi, respectively, and the ratio Y: 2 is 2.8: 1. The sheet was given a 7.5: 1 stretch (measured after relaxation) in the longitudinal direction at 97 s without limitation in the transverse direction. The degree of stretching is determined by comparing the longitudinal dimensions of the holes before and after stretching. The resulting structure is similar to that shown in FIG. 3, The thickness of the middle strands 3 was 1.12 mm, the thickness of the middle zone was 6-2.93 mm and the thickness of the side zones 5 was 1.12 mm.
    PRI mme R 2. On a 1.5 mm sheet of NOPE (high density polyethylene), round holes with a diameter of 1.5 mm were punched with a diagonal pitch of 3 iviM and a transverse pitch of 5.3 mm, after which the sheet was given full stretch When measured to a degree of 7: 1 (measured after relaxation) in the longitudinal direction without limitation in the transverse direction, a structure similar to that shown in FIG. four.
    Froze The structure obtained in Example 1 was pulled at 97 ° C in the transverse direction without limitation in the longitudinal direction until the thickness of all side zones 5 completely surrounding middle zone 6 became equal.
    The resulting structure was similar to that shown in FIG. five.
    FIG. 11 shows the preferred shape of the holes 2 or recesses, namely, longitudinal, or rather elliptical. Another preferred shape is a slot with rounded ends, shown in FIG. 6, on the left side of the second row. These forms provide a reduction in the required amount of starting material. If a single stretching operation is carried out in the process, it is preferably carried out in the machining direction, with the major (major) axes of the openings 2 or recesses preferably running parallel to the stretching direction. This makes it possible to obtain a wider cellular structure from a source material of a given width. When two successive steps are taken, the first can be drawn in the transverse direction, in which case the main axes of the holes 2 or recesses can run perpendicular to the first direction of the draw.
    FIG. 6 shows many different shapes of holes 2 or recesses that can be used. The holes or recesses occupy less than 50% or 25% of the area of the sheet 1.
    To increase the tear resistance, each strand 3 must be sufficiently high (relative to its width) in the place where it enters the knot, so Iy the middle (usually the narrowest part) of each strand 3 must have a width not exceeding more than 1 , 5 times its height. Relatively high strands serve as barriers to tear at the nodes. For this purpose, it is necessary to properly select the size X relative to d of sheet 1, and the ratio X: d should be 1.5: 1 or less, for example. 1: 1 or 1: 1.5.
    Theoretically, it does not matter if the first stretch is carried out in the transverse direction or in the processing direction in a continuous installation.
    The source material may be flat or tubular, and may be in the form of a cellular or corrugated structure.
    The starting material may be of any thickness, preferably 0.12512.5 mm, and more narrowly 0.5 mm - 5 mm, and the raw material may be in the form of a sheet or a sleeve. The starting material is strictly uniplanar material, which means that with the exception of the jumper (which may not be located in the middle plane) all zones of the source material are symmetrical with respect to the middle plane of the source material. However, minor disconnections from unplanarity are not excluded. Versions and 2 {or depressions, if they are more suitable) can be obtained by punching or molding during the preparation of the starting material itself. If the raw material is a tubular material, it can be punched in a flat form, or in the form of a flattened sleeve. As shown in FIG. 7, the edge folds of the flattened sleeve 8 can also be pierced, so that the system of holes along the entire periphery of the sleeve will be the same.
    In general, it is better to avoid any protrusions around the periphery of the holes or recesses.
    If depressions are provided instead of the openings 2, the overlap of them may be broken during the drawing process, and the film-like material remaining after that will be removed.
    The source material must be unoriented, although there may be orientation in the melt.
    The starting material may be any suitable thermoplastic material such as HDPE (high density polyethylene), low density polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymers of HPPE and polypropylene, and polyamides. The raw material may have on each face a surface layer containing an ultraviolet stabilizer, and the greater the ratio of the width of the oriented strands in the product to their height, the more effective the stabilization of ultraviolet radiation, since the unstabilized lateral sides of the strands and nodes constitute a smaller part of the total area surface.
    After stretching, the structures can be released in a known manner.
    FIG. 8, it is shown that the structure does not need to be uniform throughout its length, and that a certain heterogeneity can be introduced, for example, for the manufacture of bags, in the case shown in FIG. 8, the structure 9 is in the form of a sleeve, having unstretched sections 10 of non-perforated material and not extruded sections 11 of plastic material with a hole 11 for handles arranged with regular intervals. The sleeve is cut along dash-dotted lines 13 and mated either at station 10 or at station 11 (optional), with the result that bags with filling from above or with filling from below are obtained.
    FIG. 9-11 shows that, for example, for a fishing net, an edge 14 (see Fig. 2) can be provided by molding a curvilinear wavy edge 15 on the starting material (an alternative variant is shown in Fig. 9) In this case, the edge 14 is not exposed over-stretching. Edge 14 can be made wider or taller than strands 3, by widening wavy edge 1 or thickening it.
    Finished designs are packaged for sale, for example, in the form of a roll
    FIG. 12 shows an installation for the pro- duced production of cellular structures.
    The installation comprises a tempering device 16 carrying a roll 17 of non-perforated starting material that passes through the installation along a path shown by dotted lines and arrows. The raw material passes through the sheet leveling device 18, the punching machine 19, the machine 20 for orientation (stretching) in the transverse direction, the machine 21 for orientation (stretching) in the machining direction and is wound onto a receiving-winding device 22.- In machine 21 Avoid too small distances between the grippers to allow some lateral shrinkage of the cellular structure. If it is necessary to obtain the structure shown in FIG. 3 or 4, the orientation machine 20 can be removed.
    It is theoretically indifferent in which direction — transverse or in the direction of processing — to carry out the first stretch in a continuous installation.
    The invention provides a high structural strength in one direction, allowing it to be used as a net, for example, for packaging or in agriculture and horticulture, by producing continuous lines of oriented plastic material passing along the structure in a direction perpendicular to the first direction. This is especially important for structures that can be used to make, for example, fishing nets. The SpasZb provides control of the exact orientation position of the material of the structure, allowing the thickened zones more resistant to shock loads to be left at the nodes of the cells.
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [1]
    1. A method of making mesh plastic structures with rhomboid cells, consisting in obtaining a single-plane source material containing a system of holes arranged in rows in a checkerboard pattern, and stretching the source material to form cells limited by strands oriented in the direction of the stretch, interconnected nodes, which are formed by sections of material located between pairs of holes adjacent in the direction of drawing, and have an average unoriented or partially landmark a bath zone and lateral oriented zones, characterized in that, in order to improve the strength characteristics of the mesh structures, the distance between the walls of two adjacent holes in the same row, perpendicular to the drawing direction, is at least 1.5 times larger than the distance between the wall of one of the apertures and the wall located with it in one straight direction in the direction of drawing through a series of holes, and drawing is carried out to obtain continuous lines oriented in the direction of drawing, formed by oriented strands and side zones of nodes.
    [2]
    2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the starting material is additionally drawn in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the main drawing.
    [3]
    3. Method according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the openings s of the starting material are elliptical in shape.
    [4]
    4. Method according to paragraphs. 1-3, wherein the starting material has a curved edge.
    five
    Sources of information taken into account when executing
    1. The patent of the USSR 356837, cl. e 29 D 23/04, 196U.
    2. The patent of Germany 1504700,
    0
    cl. In 29 D 31/00, published 1970 (prototype).
    Phys. 1
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    同族专利:
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    IE791925L|1980-04-16|
    KR820001945B1|1982-10-21|
    NO793215L|1980-04-17|
    IT1125462B|1986-05-14|
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    SE435469B|1984-10-01|
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    IT7926349D0|1979-10-09|
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    US4879084A|1982-03-12|1989-11-07|Rudolf Parnigoni|Method of forming a net-like structure|
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    GB2124965B|1982-07-06|1986-05-29|Plg Res|Mesh structure and laminate made therewith|
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    US4777073A|1987-03-11|1988-10-11|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.|Breathable films prepared from melt embossed polyolefin/filler precursor films|
    US4963046A|1987-05-13|1990-10-16|Kao Corporation|Toothbrush|
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    IT1228101B|1988-12-20|1991-05-28|Rdb Plastotecnica S P A V|LASTRIFORM ELEMENT OF THE SINGLE-STRETCHED NET TYPE, PARTICULARLY FOR GEOTECHNICAL USE|
    US5092468A|1991-06-04|1992-03-03|Applied Extrusion Technologies, Inc.|Plastic netting for wrapping articles|
    US5207962A|1991-06-25|1993-05-04|Applied Extrusion Technologies, Inc.|Method of making apertured film fabrics|
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    US20060008614A1|2004-07-12|2006-01-12|Rockwell Anthony L|Die cut mesh material from polymer fiber|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GB7840640|1978-10-16|
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